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Herstigte Nasionale Party
The Herstigte Nasionale Party (Reconstituted National Party) is a South African political party which was formed as a right-wing splinter group of the now-defunct National Party in 1969. The party name was commonly abbreviated as HNP although colloquially they were also known as the Herstigtes.〔Jean Branford, ''A Dictionary of South African English'', Oxford University Press, 1978, p. 88〕
==Formation==
The HNP was formed in 1969 by Albert Hertzog (son of former Prime Minister General JBM Hertzog) in protest against the decision by Prime Minister BJ Vorster to authorize the presence of Maori players and spectators during the tour of New Zealand rugby union team in South Africa in 1970. He was also against Vorster's re-establishment of diplomatic relations with Malawi and that country's appointment of a Black ambassador to South Africa.〔Howard Brotz, ''The Politics of South Africa: Democracy and Racial Diversity'', Oxford University Press, 1977, p. 45〕 The name was chosen to reflect the initials of the earlier Herenigde Nasionale Party (Reunited National Party), the name used by the National Party in the election of 1948. Seeking a return to Calvinism as the basis of South Africa, the party advocated complete racial segregation and the adoption of Afrikaans as the only official language. The bulk of the membership of the new party was made up of rural and small town working and lower middle class Afrikaners who resented what they saw as the National Party devoting their attentions to the concerns of urban Afrikaner elites.〔
The party contested the general election of 1970 although its campaign was the subject of government crackdowns and attacks. The party's 78 candidates were all defeated, including its four Ministers of Parlement, all of whom had been National Party members before defecting to the new HNP.〔Brotz, ''Politics of South Africa'', p. 47〕 The party also contested 50 seats in the 1974 election but failed to make an impact in an election where reformists advanced.〔A.W. Stadler, 'The 1974 General Election in South Africa', ''African Affairs'', Vol. 74, No. 295. (April 1975), pp. 209–218〕 During this election the HNP boycotted the English language press, as the party opposed the use of the language.〔Brotz, ''Politics of South Africa'', p. 49〕 It also contested three by-elections in 1975 and 1976 and enjoyed some growth, taking second place ahead of the United Party in the two seats that that group contested.〔Brotz, ''Politics of South Africa'', pp. 54–55〕 The HNP captured 3.3% of the vote in 1977 before increasing to 14.1% in 1981 but on no occasion did it win any seats.〔(Elections in South Africa )〕
Eugène Terre'Blanche had been a member of the HNP, but split from the group in 1973, after becoming disillusioned with their adherence to conventional electoral politics. He then established the paramilitary Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging.〔 (Eugene Terre'Blanche (1941–2010) ). Retrieved 4 April 2010〕
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